Czech Plural

In English, the plural is formed simply by adding (s) to the singular. In Czech, to form the plural of nouns and adjectives we change the affix or add one of a wide range of affixes, sometimes with a change to the word stem, according to the word gender (4-6 types of each gender) and one of the seven cases.

Přítel (a friend) becomes: přátelé (some friends) – affix added and stem vowel changed

Žena (one woman) becomes: ženy (some women)

To je moje červené auto (this is my red car) becomes: To jsou moje červená auta (these are my red cars)

Like in Latin or German, all nouns, adjectives and pronouns in a Czech sentence take a case affix, depending on their grammatical role. There are seven cases in Czech.

1^st case is reserved for a sentence subject – Má matka je doma (My mother is at home)

2^nd case is used for a possessive or comes with certain prepositions, such as bez (without) - Dům mé matky (My mother’s house). Rodina bez matky (A family without mother)

3^rd case is used for direct object – Dej mé matce peníze (Give my mother money).

4^th case is used for indirect object – Znám tvou matku (I know your mother)

5^th case is vocative – Dobré ráno, matko (Good morning, mother)

6^th case comes with certain prepositions, such as o (about) – Mluvím o tvé matce (I speak about your mother)

7^th case is used as instrumental and comes with certain prepositions, such as s (with) – Cestuji autem (I travel by car), Cestuji s tvou matkou (I travel with your mother)